Features of Adaptation New Borrowings From the Information Sphere by Gender

Olesia Hordiienko 

Information about the author:

Postgraduate student, Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

https//orcid.org/0009-0003-9310-0667

e-mail: lesiahordiienko@gmail.com

Title: Features of Adaptation New Borrowings From the Information Sphere by Gender

https://doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2025-8-45

Rubric: Professional Language in the Education System. Term in an Educational Text

Abstract: The article explores the issues related to the grammatical adaptation of the latest loanwords from the information sphere that are entering or have already entered the Ukrainian language space.
The specificities of classifying borrowed nouns according to gender within mass media have been elucidated. It has been established that neolexemes belong to a particular genus mainly automatically according to semantic-grammatical or formal criteria.
The study presents neoborrowings that adapt organically to the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language in modern Ukrainian mass media discourse. Most of them acquire masculine, feminine, or neuter gender, the same way as Ukrainian vocabulary.
Borrowings that belong to the category of living beings and denote the names of persons by profession and type of activity are most often adapted as masculine and feminine nouns (інсайдер – інсайдерка, фрилансер – фрилансерка, інфлуєнсер – інфлуєнсерка, осинтер – осинтека, ейчар – ейчарка).
When the gender of borrowed lifeless nouns is determined, the ending and the final sound of the word play an important role. If the inflected lifeless noun ends in a vowel, it usually belongs to the feminine gender (капча, адженда, кіберполіція, ботоферма криптовалюта), if it ends in a consonant, it belongs mostly to the masculine gender (айфон, павербанк, скриншот, воркшоп).
Noun borrowings from the information sphere (кешування, таргетування, тегування (with the suffix -нн-), інсайдерство, фрилансерство, інфлуєнсерство (with the suffix -ств-) are adapted in the Ukrainian language and belong to the neuter gramme.
Indeclinable loanwords ending in -i (селфі, айді, айпі, проксі, емодзі, etc.) acquire a gender categorization syntactically. They are mainly assimilated by the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language as neuter nouns. It has been noted that there are isolated cases of hesitation in determining the belonging of some borrowings to a particular gender due to various factors.

Keywords: neoborrowings, anglicisms, terms, grammatical adaptation, gender, gramma.

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