» GRAMMATICAL AND ORTHOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX WORDS WITH NUMERAL COMPONENT

GRAMMATICAL AND ORTHOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX WORDS WITH NUMERAL COMPONENT

Kateryna Horodenska

Information about the author: Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Grammar and Scientific Terminology, Institute of the Ukrainian Language of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

e-mail: k.horodenska70@meta.ua

https://doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2023-7-5

Title: GRAMMATICAL AND ORTHOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX WORDS WITH NUMERAL COMPONENT

Rubric: TERM AND LANGUAGE PRACTICE. PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE PERSONALITY

Language: Ukrainian

Abstract: The article examines the differentiation of the form of the numeral component. It depends on the word-formative function and phonetic position of the numeral component ending letter in the compound word structure. The usage of norms fixed in the Ukrainian orthography of the 20th and 21st centuries and was used in the spelling dictionary of the components дво-, три-, чотири- and двох-, трьох, чотирьох- were analyzed. Also, inconsistencies in compliance with these norms were identified and systematized.
Changes in the usage of numeral forms as the first part of the complex word were stated and registered in “Ukrainian orthography” (Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 2019). According to these changes, we should write дво-, три-, чотири- in compound adjectives and nouns before any letter. Forms двох-, трьох-, чотирьох- are obvious to use in ordinal numerals (relative ordinal adjectives) which are formed from compound numerals such as двісті, триста, чотириста and complex words such as дві тисячі, три тисячі, чотири тисячі; два мільйони, три мільйони, чотири мільйони; два мільярди, три мільярди, чотири мільярди and in nouns that contain -річчя, -ліття.
Concurrence between forms of nominative and genitive cases in the names of hundreds п’ятсот–дев’ятсот as the first components of the compound words was estimated. Predominant usage of the nominative case of names of these hundreds in compound nouns (п’ятсотріччя–дев’ятсотріччя) and the genitive case in ordinal numerals (п’ятисотий–дев’ятисотий) and adjectives (п’ятисоткілограмаовий–дев’ятисоткілограмовий) was noted in modern language practice. It was observed that in the structure of the complex nouns (п’ятсотсорокап’ятиріччя), adjectives (п’ятсотсорокап’ятирічний), and ordinal numerals (п’ятсотсорокап’ятитисячний) traditionally used the names of hundreds п’ятсот–дев’ятсот in the nominative case and the names of tens and ones in the genitive case are used.
The article emphasizes on the new norm of orthography пів that means ‘half’ with nouns in a singular form of the genitive case. The words, in which пів- is a single notion with a noun, were outlined.
It was found out the specific nature of fractional unconjugated numerals (пів, півтора, півтори, півтораста) usage, and conjugated indefinite quantifier numerals such as багато, кілька, which are used for complex noun formation.

Keywords: complex nouns, complex adjectives, cardinal numerals, grammatical form, orthography, conjunctive vowels.

Legend

ПС, 1962 – Holoskevych, H.K. (1962). Pravopysnyi slovnyk [Spelling Dictionary] (9th ed.). New York: Knyhospilka (in Ukr.).
СУМ – Bilodid, I.K. (Ed.) (1970–1980). Slovnyk ukrainskoi movy [Ukrainian language dictionary] (1970–1980). (Vol. 1–11). Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukr.).
УОС, 2009 – Ukrainskyi orfohrafichnyi slovnyk [Ukrainian orthography dictionary]. (2009). (9th ed.). Kyiv: Dovira (in Ukr.).
УП, 1929 – Ukrainskyi pravopys [Ukrainian orthography]. (1929). (1st ed.). Kharkiv: State Publishing House of Ukraine (in Ukr.).
УП, 1940 – Ukrainskyi pravopys [Ukrainian orthography]. (1940). Kyiv (in Ukr.).
УП, 1960 – Ukrainskyi pravopys [Ukrainian orthography]. (1960). (2nd ed.). Kyiv: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (in Ukr.).
УП, 1993 – Ukrainskyi pravopys [Ukrainian orthography]. (1993). (4th ed.). Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukr.).
УП, 2019 – Ukrainskyi pravopys [Ukrainian orthography]. (2019). Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukr.).

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